I. Bioenergetics and Metabolic Pathways 1. The flow of energy in the biological world 2. Principles of thermodynamics 3. The ATP system and chemical energy transfer 4. Conservation of ATP in anaerobic cells 5. Respiration/ATP formation in the mitochondrion 6. Photosynthesis and the chloroplast 7. The chemical work of biosynthesis 8. Active transport II. Stoichiometry of Biochemical Operations 1. Stoichiometry and generalized reaction rate 2. Biomass growth III.Kinetics of Substrate Utilization in Cell Cultures 1. Ideal reactor for kinetic measurements 2. Kinetic of balanced growth IV. Reactor Theory 1. Introduction 2. Models for various types of reactors 3. Axial dispersion model/Tanks-in-series model 4. Reactor size vs. different flow patterns V. Modeling of Suspended-Growth Systems 1. Introduction 2. Michaelis-Menten model 3. Biokinetic constants estimated from batch reactor 4. Biokinetic constants estimated from flow reactor 5. Kinetic model of suspended-growth reactor (CSTR) 6. Kinetic model of suspended-growth reactor (PFR) VI. Applications of Kinetic Models VII. Biofilm Modeling 1. Beneficial effects of solid surface for microbes 2. Biofilm formation 3. Characterization of biofilm and liquid interface 4. Biochemical reaction rate equations 5. Comparison of various biofilm kinetic models VIII. Modeling of Packed Bed Reactor 1. Introduction 2. Characterization of packed bed reactor 3. Model elements for packed bed reactor analysis 4. Model application IX. Modeling of Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor 1. Fundamentals 2. Kinetic model X. Modeling of UASB Reactor 1. Fundamentals 2. Kinetic model